METABOLISM AND DISPOSITION OF VARENICLINE, A SELECTIVE {alpha}4{beta}2 ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR PARTIAL AGONIST, IN VIVO AND IN VITRO
by
Obach RS, Reed-Hagen AE, Krueger SS, Obach BJ,
O'connell TN, Zandi KS, Miller SA, Coe JW.
Pfizer, Inc.
Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Oct 12

ABSTRACT

The metabolism and disposition of varenicline, a partial agonist of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor for the treatment of tobacco addiction, was examined in rats, mice, monkeys, and humans after oral administration of [(14)C]varenicline. In circulation of all species, the vast majority of drug-related material was comprised of unchanged varenicline. In all four species, drug-related material was primarily excreted in the urine, with a large percentage as unchanged parent drug (90, 84, 75, and 81% of dose in mouse, rat, monkey, and human, respectively). Metabolites observed in excreta arose via N-carbamoyl glucuronidation and oxidation. These metabolites were also observed in the circulation, in addition to metabolites that arose via N-formylation and formation of a novel hexose conjugate. Experiments were conducted using in vitro systems in order to gain an understanding of the enzymes involved in the formation of the N-carbamoylglucuronide metabolite in humans. N-Carbamoyl glucuronidation was catalyzed by UGT2B7 in human liver microsomes when incubations were conducted under a CO2 atmosphere. The straightforward dispositional profile of varenicline should simplify its use in the clinic as an aid in smoking cessation.

Varenicline (Chantix)
Bupropion SR [Zyban]
Nicotine versus crack
The hedonic set-point
Cigars, bidis, and kreteks
Antidepressants: nicotine
The neural basis of addiction
Bupropion for nicotine quitters
Bupropion and nicotinic receptors
Bupropion (Zyban) for cigarette smokers
Tobacco smoke and reversible MAO inhibition
Quitting smoking: the role of antidepressants
Varenicline (Chantix): prescribing information (PDF)

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