Aggressive pharmacologic treatment of pain
by
Pappagallo M
Department of Neurology,
Johns Hopkins University School
of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1998 Feb; 25(1):193-213, vii

ABSTRACT

In this article, the author outlines the pharmacology of nociception and discusses the two major classes of drugs used for pain control: opioids and nonopioid analgesics. In order to provide satisfactory pain relief and prevent the possible sequelae of untreated pain, physicians must possess both knowledge and expertise in the use of opioid and nonopioid analgesics. Opioid analgesics have been underused in the management of pain. Opioids have a higher analgesic potency and wider range of indications than any of the other currently available medications for pain control. The second class of drugs, the nonopioid analgesics and adjuvants, has recently expanded to include new and potentially beneficial medications. This article furthers the understanding on how to use analgesics for a prompt, safe, and effective pharmacologic treatment of acute and chronic pain.

Opioids
Morphine
Cannabis
Gabapentin
Venlafaxine
Fibromyalgia
Buprenorphine
Amphibian pain
OTC analgesics
Antidepressants
Tramadol (Ultram)
Pain measurement
The pain of fibromyalgia
Enkephalinase inhibitors
Depression and chronic pain
Cannabinoids, opioids and pain
Antidepressants for pain-relief
The magic millimeter? Locating the hedonic hotspot
Desipramine, antidepressants and the opioid system
Venlafaxine (Effexor) analgesia and the opioid system
Tricyclic antidepressants as long-acting local anesthetics
Cooperative opioid and serotonergic mechanisms generate superior antidepressant effects

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