Noradrenaline is necessary for the hedonic properties of addictive drugs
by
Jasmin L, Narasaiah M, Tien D.
Departments of Neurological Surgery and Anatomy
and the
W.M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience,
University of California San Francisco,
San Francisco,
CA 94143, USA..
Vascul Pharmacol. 2006 Jul 7;

ABSTRACT

To determine whether noradrenaline (NA) is an essential neurotransmitter for addictive and appetitive behaviors, we measured drug and food seeking in transgenic mice lacking dopamine beta-hydroxylase (Dbh), the enzyme responsible for synthesizing NA. Using the conditioned place preference test (CPP), we show that Dbh -/- mice do not exhibit rewarding behavior to morphine, cocaine, or the mixed reuptake inhibitor bupropion. In spite of their lack of preference for drugs, Dbh -/- mice had an unaltered preference for food. Drug seeking was induced when NA was restored to the central nervous system of Dbh -/- mice by administration of l-threo-3,4-dihydroxyphenylserine (DOPS) and carbidopa. When a NK1 receptor antagonist was co-administered with morphine or cocaine, it produced aversive behavior in Dbh -/- mice while it abolished place preference in the controls. NK1 antagonists alone did not have any rewarding or aversive effect in the CPP suggesting that substance P opposes some of the unpleasant effects of morphine and cocaine. Our results show that NAergic transmission is necessary for motivated behaviors, the dysregulation of which is a co-morbid factor of many depressive states. The reversibility of this phenomenon, by restoring NA, indicates that even when this behavioral deficit is genetically determined it can be reversed.

Noradrenaline regulation
Noradrenaline and mood
Noradrenaline and ageing
Noradrenaline and allergy
Noradrenaline and anxiety
Noradrenaline and cognition
The noradrenaline transporter
Noradrenaline and depression
Noradrenaline and dopamine co-release

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