Sites of action of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) -
a neuroactive drug with
abuse potential
by
Tunnicliff G
Indiana University,
School of Medicine, Evansville 47712, USA.
gtunnic@indyvax.iupui.edu
J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1997;35(6):581-90
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: This review highlights the biochemistry, pharmacology, and
toxicology of the naturally-occurring fatty acid derivative,
gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB). GHB is derived from gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
and is proposed to function as an inhibitory chemical transmitter in the central
nervous system. CONTENT: When administered in pharmacological doses, its
powerful central nervous system depressant effects are readily observed.
Although some of the neurophysiological actions of GHB could involve alterations
in dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia, both its physiological and
pharmacological actions are probably mediated through specific brain receptors
for GHB. In addition, GHB might mediate some of its effects through interaction
with the GABA(B) receptor. Experimentally, GHB has been used as a model for
petit mal epilepsy; clinically, it has been used as a general anesthetic and as
a drug to treat certain sleep disorders and related conditions. Owing to the
purported ability of GHB to induce a state of euphoria, recreational use of this
substance is popular. Although no deaths or long-term problems have been
associated with GHB abuse, symptoms of GHB intoxication can be severe. The
continued potential for GHB abuse makes it imperative for clinical toxicologists
to be aware of the effects of this agent. Future research on the mechanism of
action of GHB is needed to elucidate both its central nervous system depressant
properties and its ability to effect a state of well-being.
GHB
GABA
MDMA
Heroin
Opioids
Reward
Alcohol
Dopamine
A GHB receptor?
GHB and cocaine
Drugs and reward
GHB and the brain
GHB and the mouse
Withdrawal syndrome
GHB: use, abuse and withdrawal
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